There are two ways of making new cells, mitosis and meiosis. They are both making cells, but one is making same cell and the other is making different cell.
Mitosis:
For mitosis, its goal is to form a genetically identical “daughter” cell, and mitosis is how cell divide. Mitosis go through 5 phases, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis. First, in early prophase, it is the setting up for the division. The chromosome will start to condense, and mitotic spindle will form. Also, the nucleolus will disappear. In late prophase, or prometaphase, the chromosome finish condensing and the nuclear envelope breakdown. In metaphase, the chromosome line up at metaphase plate, and the spindle checkpoint will make sure that all the chromosomes are at the metaphase plate. In anaphase, the sister chromatids separate from each other and are pulled towards opposite ends of the cell. In telophase, the cell is almost finish dividing, two new nuclei form. Cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm to form two new cells, and this is the final stages of mitosis.
Meiosis:
For Meiosis, its goal is to make more cells, but different kind of cell. To divide into more cells, meiosis need to go through two step process, meiosis I and meiosis II. In meiosis I, there are also prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. In prophase I, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange fragments, which is also known as crossing over. In metaphase I, homoloue pairs line up at the metaphase plate. In anaphase, homologue separate to opposite ends of the cell, and sister chromatids stay together. In telophase I, newly forming cells are haploid, and each chromosome has two non-identical sister chromatids. In meiosis II, first, in prophase II, the cells are the haploid cell made in meiosis, and the chromosome condensee. In metaphase II, chromosome line up in metaphase plate. In Anaphase II, sister chromtids separate to opposite end of the cell. Lastly, in telophase II, newly forming gametes are haploid, and each chromosome has just one chromatid.
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